Crotonic

salicylic acid, nicotinamide (NIC), glutaric acid, malonic acid, benzoic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, urea, succinic acid, saccharine sodium, Pluronic 68 AR, magnesium stearate, crotonic acid, P-hydroxy benzoic acid, caffeine, 3,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid, piperazine citrate, cinnamic acid, adipic acid, hydroquinone, isonicotinic acid, acetamide, maleic acid, and ascorbic acid.

Degradation products are crotonic acid, linear oligomers having a crotonate end group and dimers and trimers of crotonic acid [9].

Kirbag, Poly(crotonic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)-metal complexes with copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II): Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, Eur.

The rumen VFA composition was determined by gas chromatography (Chrompack, model CP-9002; Chrompack International BV, Middelburg, the Netherlands) using a 50-m fused-silica column (CP-Wax Chrompack Capillary Column; Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), and crotonic acid as the internal standard.

Replaces the specification for 3-hydroxybutanoic acid-3-hydroxypentanoic acid, copolymer (FCM substance 744) with a specific migration limit for crotonic acid.

Crotonic acid as a bioactive factor in carrot seeds (Daucus Carota L.).

Use of [Fe.sub.3][O.sub.4] magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), copolymers of acrylic acid (AA), and crotonic acid (CA) for removal of heavy metal ions from water (Ge et al.

The crotonic acid formed from PHB acid digestion was detected by the absorbance peak at 210 nm [42] (Supplementary Table S4).

Absorbance of the resultant solution was measured at 235nm using (Schimadzu UV- 1601, Japan) with crotonic acid as a standard.

High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the retention time of crotonic acid (by-product) obtained from digested PHA was approximately 24.97 min which was similar to the retention time of crotonic acid (by-product) obtained from the digestion of commercially available poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (SigmaAldrich).

The surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles by copolymer of acrylic acid and crotonic acid which further modify with 3-aminopropyltroethoxysilane are the efficient adsorbent to detoxification of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd(II) from the aqueous solution.